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Socially responsible restructuring
                                                          Effective strategies for supporting redundant workers




                     more intense and diverse than from the  transfer  agency.  Some  transfer
                     companies  try to promote rapid transition to a new job by incentives such as
                     premiums  for  taking up a new job before the end of the fixed-term contract
                     (‘sprinter premium’). They may also provide return guarantees, in case the new
                     employment relationship does not succeed.
                        Both transfer agencies and transfer companies are also affected by obligatory
                     referral to PES. In 2007 some 35 000 employees entered short-term transfer
                     work arrangements, usually in transfer agencies. This rose 3% in the following
                     year, but has accelerated sharply in the early months of 2009, approximately by
                     40%.


                     2.5.    Public policy and wider area responses in
                             restructuring


                     Adjustment to the job losses caused by enterprise restructuring is not an issue
                     wholly for company-level practice. Individual enterprises may  seek  to  draw  on
                     external capacities, including those within the public employment services, or
                     may access funds or funding pathways at national and  European-level  to  aid
                     individual  adjustment  processes. These arrangements may be led by public
                     agencies,  such  as  within rapid-reaction arrangements, to limit social and
                     economic  disruption,  or  may be proactive where the enterprise may forge the
                     necessary  partnership  links and support. At national level, available evidence
                     suggests that early high profile cases of  proactive  government  regional  and
                     national ad hoc support to strategic job losses in the 1970s and early 1980s have
                     been followed by more structured approaches. These have emphasised labour
                     market support and interventions, local collaborations between public and private
                     entities, and non-standard engagement of public employment services (PES) in
                     restructuring.
                        Such responses are important in policy terms. Wider cooperation in enabling
                     guidance strategies and approaches is a specific priority area for the 2008
                     guidance Resolution. This recognises findings from  previous  research  by
                     Cedefop, evaluating implementation of the previous Council Resolution  on
                     guidance (2004) which showed some progress in building capacities nationally
                     but highlighting ‘more efforts needed to improve quality of guidance services, and
                     coordinate and build partnerships between existing forms of guidance provision’.
                     Such partnerships will have a direct bearing on the extent to which enterprises do
                     not need to act on their own in providing guidance-related support when they are
                     involved in redundancy situations. The available evidence relating to  such







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