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CHAPTER 4
Individual and organisational predictors influencing ageing workersʼ employability 79

classified as younger (40 years and below, N=64). To find out whether this
group differed significantly from the group of older employees (over 40 years,
N=58), statistical analyses were performed and the main results are presented
below.
Groups differed significantly with regard to the size of their HRD portfolio:
older employees participated in a significantly smaller number of HRD
activities than their younger colleagues. While younger employees, on
average, participated in 2.9 HRD activities in the past year, their older
colleagues only participated in 2.1 activities. Older employees participated
significantly less often in HRD activities ʻtraining on the job, and mentor or
coachʼ. The difference with regard to self-study was found to be close to
significance. No significant differences were found pertaining to other HRD
activities.
Further, both groups were compared on their perception of formality. No
significant differences were found in the mean formality of the HRD portfolio
between the groups. However, the group of older employees perceived the
activity ʻexternal course or trainingʼ less formal than the group of younger
employees. No differences in the formality perception for other HRD activities
were found.
Although no differences between employability and age were found,
multivariate analysis was used to determine whether age groups differed with
regard to any employability dimensions. No differences were found between
the group of older and younger employees for any of the employability
dimensions.

Impact on employability
Wittpoth specifically focused on the dyad between supervisors and
subordinates possibly affecting workersʼ competence development, and
subsequently, their employability. It was assumed that employees with an HRD
portfolio with a medium degree of formality would perceive their employability
as higher than employees with portfolios with either a relatively low or high
degree of formality. As said before, descriptive statistics showed that the mean
formality was 3.04. Based on calculation of the estimated marginal means,
portfolios with a formality lower than 2.89 were defined as having a low degree
of formality (N=37) and portfolios higher than 3.19 were defined as having a
high degree of formality (N=41). Portfolios with a value between 2.89 and 3.19
were defined as having an average formality (N=23). In a one-way analysis
of variance, the employability subscales were used as dependent variables,
and formality (low, medium, high) was defined as the independent one. No