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Guiding at-risk youth through learning to work
                                                                             Lessons from across Europe





                         4.3. Guidance to prevent early school leaving ..............................................63
                             4.3.1. Early intervention........................................................................63
                             4.3.2.  Addressing specific target group guidance needs......................64
                             4.3.3.  Importance of raising aspirations................................................65
                             4.3.4. Parental involvement..................................................................66
                             4.3.5.  Managing, training and supporting guidance staff......................68
                             4.3.6.  Other policies to prevent early school leaving............................68

                     5.  Reintegrating the disengaged through guidance ..........................................70
                         5.1. Introduction ............................................................................................70
                         5.2. Initiatives and support methods .............................................................71
                             5.2.1.  Tracking measures to identify and monitor young people
                                    at risk..........................................................................................72
                             5.2.2.  Short-term, specialised support..................................................76
                             5.2.3.  Holistic interventions for complex support needs .......................77
                             5.2.4.  Online learning and support platforms........................................81
                             5.2.5.  Other second chance opportunities............................................83
                             5.2.6.  Guidance and training to support employment...........................85
                         5.3. Effective reintegration programmes .......................................................87
                             5.3.1. Guidance ....................................................................................88
                             5.3.2. Environment ...............................................................................90
                             5.3.3.  Tailored, person-centred approach ............................................90
                             5.3.4. Celebrating achievement............................................................91
                             5.3.5. Flexible delivery..........................................................................92
                             5.3.6. Multi-disciplinary teams ..............................................................92
                             5.3.7.  Collaboration with key partner organisations..............................93
                             5.3.8.  Basic skills and a mix of practical and theoretical learning.........93
                             5.3.9. Aiding access .............................................................................94
                             5.3.10. Motivation ...................................................................................94

                     6.  Supported education-to-work transition ........................................................96
                         6.1. Introduction ............................................................................................96
                         6.2. Improving career management skills .....................................................97
                             6.2.1.  Career management skills in school curricula..........................100
                             6.2.2.  Holistic guidance service centres for young people .................101
                             6.2.3.  Online guidance tools for at-risk groups...................................105
                             6.2.4.  Formative validation tools and career management skills........108
                         6.3. Working-life familiarisation ...................................................................112
                             6.3.1.  Work experience opportunities in compulsory education .........113






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