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Guiding at-risk youth through learning to work
                                                                             Lessons from across Europe





                             6.3.2.  Careers fairs and company visits .............................................116
                             6.3.3. Entrepreneurship education .....................................................118
                             6.3.4.  Vocational training as a valued study path...............................120
                             6.3.5. Apprenticeships........................................................................123
                             6.3.6.  School and work alternation initiatives .....................................126
                         6.4. Supported transition: what works?.......................................................129
                             6.4.1.  Challenges in developing career management skills
                                    approach...................................................................................129
                             6.4.2.  Access to career information centres .......................................130
                             6.4.3.  Extending the benefits of validation initiatives to at-risk
                                    groups.......................................................................................131
                             6.4.4.  Extending access to Internet-based guidance..........................133
                             6.4.5.  Well-planned and organised work placements.........................134
                             6.4.6.  Combining practical and theoretical learning............................135

                     7. Conclusions.................................................................................................138
                         7.1. Preventive approaches ........................................................................141
                         7.2. Reintegration measures.......................................................................142
                         7.3. Education-to-work transitions...............................................................144

                     8. Recommendations ......................................................................................147
                         8.1. General recommendations from the study...........................................147
                         8.2. Priority area 1: encourage lifelong acquisition of career
                             management skills ...............................................................................148
                         8.3. Priority area 2: access for all to guidance services..............................149
                         8.4. Priority area 3: quality assurance in guidance provision......................149
                         8.5. Priority area 4: encourage stakeholder cooperation ............................150

                     List of abbreviations ...........................................................................................152
                     Bibliography .......................................................................................................153
                     Annex 1. List of contributors ..............................................................................171






















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