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Learning while working
                  18  Success stories on workplace learning in Europe





                       Lifelong learning strategies received a further stimulus when the Lisbon
                     Strategy was relaunched in 2005, with the priority of achieving ‘more and
                     better jobs’ (European Commission, 2010a; 2010b). The renewal of the Lisbon
                     strategy in 2005 helped clarify its scope and aims, with the establishment
                     of four priority areas (research and innovation, investing in people and
                     modernising labour market, unlocking business potential, particularly of
                     SMEs, as well as energy and climate change) that have a strong relevance for
                     education and training systems. Within the New skills for new jobs initiative,
                     which aims at reaching a better match between the skills that workers have
                     and available jobs, skill upgrading features as a key measure to keep people
                     in, or bring them back to, employment. This policy initiative takes into account
                     the growing importance of transversal skills in maintaining employability:
                     problem-solving, self-management and communication skills, plus language
                     skills, digital competences and team working. Finally, the European Strategy
                     2020 for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth gives emphasis to improving
                     the quality and relevance of education and training to empower people for
                     career shifts, engaging in further learning and fully participating in society
                     through skill development (European Commission, 2010a).
                       In these European strategic documents, which have set some guidelines
                     for developing lifelong learning policies, individuals are increasingly requested
                     to take responsibility for their learning to keep their skills up to date and
                     maintain their value in the labour market: they need appropriate support. They
                     need proper guidance and learning support to navigate in an increasingly
                     complex labyrinth of education and training provision and to interpret the
                     demands of insecure labour environments in which a job no longer lasts for
                     a lifetime, as stressed in the Council Resolution on better integrating lifelong
                     guidance into lifelong learning strategies (Council of the European Union,
                     2008a). The uncertainties of the present economic circumstances, together
                     with the complexity of labour market changes, generate an acute need for
                     high quality information and guidance services for adults to manage their
                     transitions from work to unemployment, training or another employment.
                       While European policy documents recall the responsibility of individuals to
                     go on learning, the lifelong learning paradigm needs to be well understood,
                     and a recent comparative analysis of changing patterns of work and learning
                     in Europe draws attention to the fact that:

                       ‘It is important that the message about lifelong learning does not convey that “we all need
                       to be engaged in substantive learning all the time”. This message could easily be seen as
                       unachievable – it is out of alignment with how people actually learn across the life-course.
                       Rather than engaging in continuous learning at an even pace year after year, people are likely
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