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Learning while working
                  20  Success stories on workplace learning in Europe





                     (b)   social partner contributions to developing and expanding learning
                         provision in the workplace, through collective bargaining and specific
                         actions in the working environment that motivate workers to keep on
                         learning, to move one step up and even acquire a qualification;
                     (c)   sectoral initiatives and partnerships led by enterprises, in which skill
                         development is a means to stimulate innovation in enterprises and
                         economic growth, and to anticipate and manage sectoral changes and
                         restructuring, with a specific focus on SMEs;
                     (d)   the professional development of in-company trainers, to expand the quality
                         and relevance of skill development initiatives for the workforce.
                       In considering key success factors and challenges related to workplace
                     learning, the report examines effective policies, strategic partnerships,
                     structures, modes of delivery and instruments to expand adult learning in
                     the workplace. The analysis aims to encourage debate on the contributions
                     of the workplace to lifelong learning and employment strategies. What kind
                     of policies and strategies need to be put in place to support employers
                     developing the skills of their employees? How to develop workplaces that
                     are conducive to learning? It highlights examples of commendable practice,
                     innovative responses and effective policies in adult learning that can serve
                     as leading examples for policy-makers at regional and national level, the
                     social partners, and guidance and training providers.
                       The following definitions underpin the analysis of adult learning in the
                     workplace. For the purpose of this report, adult learning refers to all types of
                     learning, whether formal, non-formal or informal, undertaken by adults after
                     they have terminated initial education and training, however far this process
                     may have gone, whether they have acquired or not a certificate. In this context,
                     non-formal learning does not lead directly to certification, it is intentional, aims
                     at achieving certain learning outcomes and is generally not provided by a
                     formal education or training body. It can be provided, for example, by peer
                     workers through mentoring, by trainers working in the company or by external
                     training providers. Informal learning results from daily working activities; it is
                     embedded in working processes and tasks; it is not structured and typically
                     does not lead directly to certification. Both non-formal and informal learning
                     can be validated, recognised and lead to certification, generally, by granting
                     exemptions from parts of a training programme, which the worker could later
                     on complete to acquire a recognised certification or qualification.
                       More specifically, workplace learning is used as a synonym of ‘on-the-job
                     learning’ and encompasses both non-formal and informal learning embedded
                     in the working place, in job related processes and tasks, both for introducing
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