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CHAPTER 1
Setting the scene: promoting an inclusive labour market for ageing workers 19

Gomes present the set-up and outcomes of a major initiative to upgrade
qualifications in Portugal, which combines training with guidance and
counselling and recognition and validation of competences. Chapter 13 by
Roland Kadefors and Marianne Blomsterberg presents results from a case
study in Sweden focusing on a programme for phasing out army employees.
They conclude that both organisational and personal factors must be
considered, and that guidance and counselling is a core element ensuring
successful career changes. Graham Smith in Chapter 14 discusses the
features and outcomes of a successful initiative in Scotland that aimed to
improve employability in later life. Among the main findings are that lifelong
learning is linked to individual background and educational experience and
that successful guidance and counselling supports dealing with uncertainty
and managing change, considering capacities, needs and aspirations of older
adults.
The final chapter by Mika Launikari, Christian Lettmayr and Jasper van Loo
provides conclusions, links these to the policy context, and outlines avenues
for future research.

References

Argyris, C. (1960). Understanding organizational behavior. Homewood, IL:
Dorsey Press.
Ball, B. (1997). Career management competences: the individual
perspective. Career development international, Vol. 2, Issue 2, p. 74-79.
Bohlinger, S.; van Loo, J. (2010). Lifelong learning for ageing workers to
sustain employability and develop personality. In: Cedefop. Working and
ageing: emerging theories and empirical perspectives. Luxembourg:
Publications Office of the European Union.
Cedefop (2010a). Skills supply and demand in Europe: medium-term
forecast up to 2020. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European
Union. Available from Internet: http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Files/
3052_en.pdf [cited 15.7.2011].
Cedefop (2010b). Socially responsible restructuring: effective strategies for
supporting redundant workers. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the
European Union (Working paper; No 7). Available from Internet:
http://www.cedefop.europa.eu/EN/Files/6107_en.pdf [cited 15.7.2011].
Cedefop (2010c). Working and ageing: emerging theories and empirical
perspective. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.