Page 79 - valuing-diversity-guidance-for-labour-market-integration-of-migrants

Valuing diversity: guidance for labour market integration of migrants

(OECD, 2012a); the frequent occupation of immigrant women in unregulated
activities related to domestic and personal care services; the differing value of
remunerated work for women among different communities, depending on the
influence of traditional gender roles.
The unemployment rates reflect the same inequality in labour market
14
outcomes, but in a clearer way ( ). Figure 17 shows that the average differences
in unemployment rates in the EU between nationals (9.1%) and third-country
citizens (20%) are pronounced.

Figure 17 Unemployment rates by nationality (%), nationals and third-country
citizens, 2011

40
Extra EU-27
35
Declaring country
30

25

20
15

10

5
0

Source: Eurostat, labour force survey – unemployment rates by nationality (online data code: [lfsa_urgan]).
The difference reflects three aspects: lower-education overrepresentation in
certain migrant groups, more strongly affected by the recession than for nationals
(the case of Belgium, Spain, France and Austria); the high share of immigrant
labour employed in sectors highly sensitive to the recession (construction,
manufacture, wholesale commerce); lower job protection rights for immigrant
work.
The high differences seen in Belgium, France and Sweden suggest that
these countries have very unequal access to the labour market for national and
third-country citizens. The European Commission’s country specific

14
( ) These results are available by nationality, which increases the differences.

71