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Valuing diversity: guidance for labour market integration of migrants

3.4. Key informative elements

From the previous analysis, we can summarise the following key elements:
(a) there is a trend of negative growth of the EU natural active population;
(b) this negative growth can lead to labour supply shortages, especially qualified
labour;
(c) immigration from third countries can compensate (at least partially) for these
shortages;
(d) this immigration is considerably younger in its structure than the average of
the EU countries, so renewing its active population;
(e) the bulk of the foreign nationals residing in Europe are concentrated in a
relatively small number of countries (Belgium, Germany, Greece, Spain,
France, Italy, Austria, Portugal, Sweden and the United Kingdom the most
representative);
(f) there is a very relevant presence of third country-born in the populations,
especially in Spain and Italy which have strong growth projections for
immigration;
(g) many of these immigrants come from countries with limited cultural
connections with the receiving cultures and the resident communities have
limited and recent social networks; this is the case for Maghrebians in Spain
and Italy, and Turkish in some countries (in others, such as Germany, they
have well established network);
(h) immigrants inserted in fluxes resulting from post colonialism benefit from the
effect of cultural and linguistic proximity; results are better;
(i) native-born have higher employment levels than residents born outside the
EU, while the EU-born immigrant rate is similar to the native rate;
(j) third-country immigrants have significantly higher rates of unemployment
than natives;
(k) there is a smaller share of women employed (50%) in the EU than of men
(68.7%), among the third country-born;
(l) the children of foreign-born parents have, on average, lower education and
labour market outcomes than those of nationals; outcomes are worse for
foreign-born children;
(m) young migrants are more likely to leave education and training too early,
than the young nationals, especially in communities with over-representation
of low-skilled workers;
(n) in countries where selection of immigrants is based on the qualification
levels of immigrants the results tend to level with the results of the children
with native parents;

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