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Learning while working
                  26  Success stories on workplace learning in Europe





                     2.3.  To be trained or not to be trained:
                         the employee perspective


                     2.3.1.  Who participates in formal or non-formal education
                          and training? Facts and figures
                     According to the last Adult education survey, which covers participation in lifelong
                     learning, including job-related activities, nearly two thirds of the European Union
                     population could not participate in learning opportunities, either formal or non-
                     formal (Eurostat, 2009a). In the survey, interviewees were asked to report the
                     main obstacle for not participating in education and training during the last 12
                     months. Family responsibilities were the main barrier to participation for 23%
                     of individuals, and conflict with work schedule for 22%. The third most frequent
                     impediment was cost (training was too expensive or difficult to afford), which
                     was reported by an average of 15% of adults in Europe, with country differences
                     ranging from 5% in Cyprus to 43% in Bulgaria, as shown in Figure 1.

                     Figure 1.  Main obstacles for not participating
                             in education and training, 2007

                                % of adults not participating in education and training that reported cost
                                        as the main obstacle for not participating, 2007
                      50
                                                     Lack of prerequisite        No
                        43                               4%            Other    answer
                                                    Lack of
                      40                           employers           16%       3%
                           35                       support                Family
                                                     5%  Distance        responsibilities
                                                          6%
                                                                            23%
                      30      29  29  29  28                             Work
                                                      Health or age  Cost  schedule
                                                        6%         15%   22%
                                           20
                      20                      17  17
                                                    15  15  15
                                                             12  12  12  11  11
                      10                                                     8  8
                                                                                   5
                      0
                        BG  PL  LT  EE  SI  LV  SK  AT  DE  SE  EU  GR  ES  NL  PT  CZ  UK  FI  BE  CY
                     Source: Eurostat, Adult education survey 2007, date of extraction 1.2.2010.
                     Note:  National figures are currently available for 18 countries.
                         Data for Slovenia are provisional. E.U: estimation.


                       Only 28% of those in low-skilled blue-collar professions participate in learning
                     activities, as shown in Table 1. Adults with the highest level of education
                     attainment tend to participate much more in education and training.
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